Christopher Columbus  - the discoverer of the Modern World?    The Conquest of Mexico web site    Dona Marina (La Malinche)

Religious Reform and State Building in Europe

1. Martin Luther    Henry VIII    Elizabeth I    The English Civil War    The Glorious Revolution
2. Louis XIV    Frederick the Great

The Muslim Empires

1. Ottoman    Safavid     Mughal 

The East Asian World   

1. China (see Ming & Qing Dynasties)    Japan (see Muromachi & Edo Periods)

Revolution: Intellectual, Industrial, American and French

1. Sir Isaac Newton - see also    James Watt     American Revolution      George Washington 

French Revolution    Napoleon I

• Conservatism, Liberalism and Socialism    Nationalism
  
     "Nicht durch Reden oder Majoritätsbeschlüsse werden die großen Fragen der Zeit entschieden, sondern durch Eisen und Blut."
       - Otto von Bismarck, September 30, 1862
  
• Industrialism    Darwin, Marx, and Nietzsche    Colonialism and Imperialism      India, Africa, China, Japan
• The Great War   The Russian Revolutions    The Inter-War Period  World War II    The Cold War
  • comments on Animal Farm by George Orwell
• De-Colonialism    Historical Background to Selected Current Issues

  Sir Winston Churchill